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Skunk Fu the Art of Team Combination Part 1

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Facial hair grown to a higher place the upper lip

A moustachioed horseman on a c. 300 BC artwork

A moustache (; American English: mustache , )[1] is a strip of facial pilus grown in a higher place the upper lip. Moustaches accept been worn in various styles throughout history.[ii]

Etymology [edit]

The word "moustache" is French, and is derived from the Italian mustaccio (14th century), dialectal mostaccio (16th century), from Medieval Latin mustacchium (eighth century), Medieval Greek μουστάκιον (moustakion), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a atomic of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (mustax, mustak-), significant "upper lip" or "facial hair",[3] probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (mullon), "lip".[iv] [5]

An private wearing a moustache is said to exist "moustached" or "moustachioed" (the latter often referring to a especially big or bushy moustache).

History [edit]

Enquiry done on this subject field has noticed that the prevalence of moustaches and facial pilus in full general rise and fall according to the saturation of the matrimony market.[vi] Thus, the density and thickness of the moustache or beard may help to convey androgen levels or age.[7]

Stone sculpture of a Gaul wearing a Torc, with curled moustache and eyebrows, c. 400 Advertizement

The earliest document of the usage of moustaches (without the bristles) can be traced to Iron Age Celts. According to Diodorus Siculus, a Greek historian:[8]

The Gauls are tall of torso with rippling muscles and white of peel and their hair is blond, and not only naturally so for they as well go far their practice past artificial ways to increase the distinguishing colour which nature has given it. For they are always washing their pilus in limewater and they pull it back from the forehead to the nape of the neck, with the result that their appearance is like that of Satyrs and Pans since the treatment of their pilus makes it so heavy and fibroid that it differs in no respect from the mane of horses. Some of them shave the beard but others allow information technology grow a picayune; and the nobles shave their cheeks but they let the moustache grow until it covers the oral fissure.

Moustaches would not go away during the Middle Ages. 1 prominent example of the moustache in early on medieval art is the Sutton Hoo helmet, an elaborately-decorated helmet sporting a faceplate depicting the style on its upper lip. After, Welsh leaders and English royalty such as Edward of Wales, would also often habiliment but a moustache.[9]

Moustache popularity in the due west peaked in the 1880s and 1890s coinciding with a popularity in the armed services virtues of the 24-hour interval.[vii]

Various cultures have developed unlike associations with moustaches. For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards are associated with Islamic traditionalism, and clean-shaven or lack of facial pilus are associated with more liberal, secular tendencies.[x] In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, specially amid Sunni Muslims. The moustache is too a religious symbol for the male followers of the Yarsan religion.[xi]

Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from every bit far back as the Neolithic times. A moustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC). Another ancient portrait showing a shaved human with a moustache is an aboriginal Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.

In aboriginal China, facial pilus and the hair on the head were traditionally left untouched considering of Confucian influences.[12]

Development and care [edit]

A moustache spoon, dated 1904, used in Edwardian England to protect the moustache while eating soup.

The moustache forms its own stage in the evolution of facial hair in adolescent males.[thirteen]

As with most human being biological processes, this specific social club may vary amongst some individuals depending on one's genetic heritage or environment.[14] [15]

Moustaches can exist tended through shaving the hair of the chin and cheeks, preventing it from becoming a total beard. A variety of tools have been developed for the intendance of moustaches, including prophylactic razors, moustache wax, moustache nets, moustache brushes, moustache combs and moustache scissors.

In the Centre East, there is a growing tendency for moustache transplants, which involves undergoing a process chosen follicular unit extraction in order to attain fuller, and more impressive facial hair.[sixteen]

The longest moustache measures 4.29 metres (14.one ft) and belongs to Ram Singh Chauhan from India. It was measured on the set of the Italian TV show Lo Show dei Record in Rome, Italy, on 4 March 2010.[17]

Styles [edit]

Time-lapse blitheness of a moustache grown for 30 days.

The Globe Beard and Moustache Championships 2007 had six sub-categories for moustaches:[eighteen]

  • Dalí – narrow, long points bent or curved steeply upward; areas past the corner of the oral cavity must be shaved. Artificial styling aids needed. Named later on Salvador Dalí.
  • English language moustache – narrow, starting time at the middle of the upper lip the whiskers are very long and pulled to the side, slightly curled; the ends are pointed slightly upward; areas past the corner of the mouth unremarkably shaved. Artificial styling may be needed.
  • Freestyle – All moustaches that do not match other classes. The hairs are allowed to start growing from up to a maximum of i.5 cm beyond the stop of the upper lip. Aids are allowed.
  • Hungarian – Big and bushy, beginning from the middle of the upper lip and pulled to the side. The hairs are immune to start growing from upwards to a maximum of 1.5 cm beyond the end of the upper lip.
  • Imperial – whiskers growing from both the upper lip and cheeks, curled upward (distinct from the royale, or impériale)
  • Natural – Moustache may be styled without aids.

Other types of moustache include:

  • Chevron – covering the expanse between the nose and the upper lip, out to the edges of the upper lip only no further. Popular in 1970s and 1980s American and British civilisation. Worn past Ron Jeremy, Richard Petty, Freddie Mercury, Bruce Forsyth and Tom Selleck.
  • Fu Manchu – long, downward pointing ends, more often than not beyond the chin.
  • Handlebar – bushy, with small upward pointing ends.
  • Horseshoe – Often confused with the Handlebar Moustache, the horseshoe was maybe popularised by modern cowboys and consists of a full moustache with vertical extensions from the corners of the lips downwardly to the jawline and resembling an upside-down horseshoe. Also known every bit "biker moustache". Worn past Hulk Hogan and Nib Kelliher. Recently re-popularized by Gardner Minshew and Joe Exotic.
  • Pancho Villa – similar to the Fu Manchu but thicker; also known equally a "droopy moustache". Likewise like to the Horseshoe. A Pancho Villa is much longer and bushier than the moustache unremarkably worn past the historical Pancho Villa.
  • Pencil moustache – narrow, directly and thin as if fatigued on by a pencil, closely clipped, outlining the upper lip, with a wide shaven gap between the nose and moustache. Popular in the 1940s, and specially associated with Clark Gable. More recently, it has been recognised as the moustache of option for the fictional character Gomez Addams in the 1990s series of films based on The Addams Family unit. Likewise known as a Mouth-brow, and worn by Vincent Price, John Waters, Petty Richard, Sean Penn and Chris Cornell.
  • Toothbrush – thick, only shaved except for about an inch (2.5 cm) in the centre; worn past Adolf Hitler, Charlie Chaplin, Oliver Hardy, and Michael Hashemite kingdom of jordan in his commercials for Hanes.
  • Walrus – bushy, hanging downwardly over the lips, often entirely covering the rima oris. Worn by Mark Twain, David Crosby, Joseph Stalin, John Bolton, Wilford Brimley, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jeff "Skunk" Baxter, Sam Elliott, Albert Einstein, Jamie Hyneman and Robert Johansson .
  • Moustache styles

  • "Dalí" moustache fashion

  • "English" moustache mode

  • "Purple " moustache manner

  • "Mexican" moustache style

  • "Natural " moustache mode

  • "Walrus" moustache style

  • "Freestyle" moustache mode

Occurrence and perceptions [edit]

Like many other fashion trends, the moustache is subject area to shifting popularity through time. Though modern civilisation frequently associates moustaches with men of the Victorian era, Susan Walton shows that at the start of the Victorian era facial hair was "viewed with distaste" and that the moustache was considered the mark of an artist or revolutionary, both of which remained on the social fringe at the time.[19] This is supported past the fact that simply one Member of Parliament sported facial hair from the years 1841–1847.[19] However, past the 1860s, this had changed and moustaches became wildly pop, even amongst distinguished men, simply past the end of the century, facial hair became passé in one case more.[xix] Though one cannot be entirely sure as to the crusade of such changes, Walton speculates that the rise of the facial hair trend was due largely in office to the impending war against Russia, and the belief that moustaches and beards projected a more 'manly' image, which was brought about past the so-chosen 'rebranding' of the British military and the rehabilitation of military virtues.[19] Moustaches became a defining trait of the British soldier, and until 1916, no enlisted soldier was permitted to shave his upper lip.[20] Even so, the adjacent generation of men perceived facial hair, such as moustaches, to be an outdated keepsake of masculinity and therefore in that location was a dramatic turn down in the moustache trend and a clean-shaven face became the mark of a modernistic man.[xix]

Marriage [edit]

Co-ordinate to a study performed past Nigel Barber, results have shown a strong correlation betwixt a proficient marriage market for women and an increased number of moustaches worn by the male population.[21] By comparing the number of males pictured in Illustrated London News sporting a moustache confronting the ratio of single women to unmarried men, the like trends in the two over the years would suggest that these two factors are correlated.[21] Hairdresser suggests that this correlation may be due to the fact that men with moustaches are perceived to be more attractive, industrious, artistic, masculine, dominant and mature by both men and women,[21] as supported by the enquiry conducted by Hellström and Tekle.[22] Hairdresser suggests that these perceived traits would influence a adult female's choice of hubby equally they would propose likely high reproductive success and other skillful biological qualities, and a chapters to invest in children, so when males must compete heavily for marriage they are more than likely to grow a moustache in an attempt to project these qualities.[21] This theory is also supported past the correlation between bristles fashion and women wearing long dresses, as shown by Robinson'due south study,[23] which then relates to the correlation between dress way and the marriage market, every bit shown in Barber'southward 1999 study.[24]

Age perception [edit]

The moustache and other forms of facial hair are globally understood to exist signs of the post-pubescent male;[25] however, those with moustaches are perceived to be older than those who are clean-shaven of the same age.[25] This was determined by manipulating a photo of vi male person subjects, with varying levels of baldness, to accept moustaches and beards and so asking undergraduate college students to charge per unit both the photos of the men with facial hair and without facial hair in terms of social maturity, assailment, historic period, appeasement, and attractiveness. Regardless of how bald the subject was, the results found in relation to the perception of moustaches remained constant. Although males with facial hair were perceived, in general, to be older than the aforementioned bailiwick pictured without facial hair,[26] the moustached subjects were as well perceived to be far less socially mature.[25] The decreased perception of social maturity of the men with moustaches may partially exist due to the increase in the perception of aggression in the moustachioed men,[25] as assailment is incompatible with social maturity.[25]

Workplace [edit]

In a written report performed by J. A. Reed and Due east. Chiliad. Blunk, persons in management positions were shown to positively perceive, and therefore be more likely to hire, men with facial hair.[27] Although men with beards over all scored meliorate than men with only moustaches, the moustached men scored much higher than those men who were make clean-shaven.[27] In this experiment, 228 persons, both male and female, who held direction positions that fabricated hiring decisions were shown ink sketches of half-dozen male person job applicants. The men in these ink sketches ranged from clean-shaven, to moustachioed, to bearded. The men with facial hair were rated higher by the employers on aspects of masculinity, maturity, physical bewitchery, authority, self-conviction, nonconformity, backbone, industriousness, enthusiasm, intelligence, sincerity, and general competency.[27] The results were constitute to exist fairly like for both female and male employers, which Reed and Blunk suggest would imply that gender does not factor into one's perceptions of a moustache on a male bidder.[27] However, Blunk and Reed as well stipulate that the pregnant and acceptability of facial hair does change depending on the time period. Withal, the studies performed by Hellström and Tekle,[22] and likewise the studies performed past Klapprott,[28] would suggest that moustaches are non favourable to all professions equally information technology has been shown that clean-shaven men are seen every bit more than reliable in roles such as salesmen and professors. Other studies accept suggested that acceptability of facial hair may vary depending on culture and location, equally in a written report conducted in Brazil, clean-shaven men were preferred by personnel managers over applicants who were bearded, goateed, or moustached.[29]

Cultures [edit]

In Western culture, it has been shown that women dislike men who displayed a visible moustache or bristles, merely preferred men who had a visible hint of a beard such equally stubble (often known as a five-o-clock shadow) over those who were clean-shaven.[30] This supports the idea that in Western culture, females prefer men who have the capability to cultivate facial hair, such as a moustache, but choose not to. However some researchers have suggested that it is possible that in ecologies in which physical aggressiveness is more adaptive than cooperation, bearded men might exist preferred by women.[25] Notwithstanding, varying opinion on moustaches is not reserved to international cultural differences as even within the US, at that place have been discrepancies observed on female preference of male facial hair equally Freedman's study suggested that women studying at the University of Chicago preferred men with facial hair considering they perceived them to exist more than masculine, sophisticated and mature than clean-shaven men.[31] Similarly, a study performed past Kenny and Fletcher at Memphis State University suggested that men with facial pilus such as moustaches and beards, were perceived as stronger and more masculine by female person students.[32] Still, the study performed past Feinman and Gill would propose that this reaction to facial pilus is not nationwide, every bit women studying in the state of Wyoming showed a marked preference for clean-shaven men over men with facial hair.[33] Some accredit this deviation to the difference between region, rurality, and political and social conservatism betwixt the various studies.[33] Thus it can be seen that even within the US, at that place are slight variations in the perceptions of moustaches.

Religions [edit]

In addition to various cultures, the perception of the moustache is also altered by religion equally some religions back up the growth of a moustache or facial hair in full general, whereas others tend to turn down those with moustaches, while many churches remain somewhat ambivalent on the subject field.

Amish [edit]

While Amish men grow beards subsequently marriage and never trim them, they eschew moustaches and go along shaving their upper lips. This is rooted in a rejection of the High german military machine fashion of sporting moustaches, which was prevalent at the time of the Amish community'due south formation in Switzerland; hence serving as a symbol of their delivery to pacifism.[34]

Mormon [edit]

Though information technology is never explicitly stated past The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that all male members must be clean-shaven, inside Mormon circles information technology is often considered "taboo" for men to accept moustaches every bit the missionaries of the church are required to exist clean-shaven also every bit the honor code of Brigham Young University requiring students to accept similar grooming standards. This has get somewhat of a social norm inside the church itself.[35] This often leads those members who do choose to vesture moustaches feel somewhat like they do not quite fit the norm, and yet in the studies shown washed by Nielsen and White, these men reportedly do not listen this feeling and that is why they continue to grow their facial hair.[35]

Islam [edit]

Even though facial training is not specifically mentioned inside the Qur'an, numerous narrations of hadith (sayings of Muhammad) address personal hygiene, including facial pilus maintenance.[36] In one such example, Muhammad brash that men must grow beards, and as to moustaches, cut the longer hairs as to not let them encompass the upper lips (as this is the Fitra, the tradition of prophets).[37] Thus, growing a beard while keeping the moustache from covering the upper lip is a well-established tradition in many Muslim societies.[36]

Notable moustaches [edit]

Individuals [edit]

The longest moustache measures iv.29 metres (fourteen.1 ft) and belongs to Ram Singh Chauhan of India. It was measured on the set of Lo Show dei Record in Rome, Italian republic, on 4 March 2010.[17]

In some cases, the moustache is so prominently identified with a unmarried individual that it could identify him without any further identifying traits. For case, Kaiser Wilhelm 2's moustache, grossly exaggerated, featured prominently in Triple Entente propaganda. Other notable individuals include: Adolf Hitler, Hulk Hogan, Freddie Mercury, Salvador Dalí, Frank Zappa, Tom Selleck and Steve Harvey. In other cases, such as those of Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx, the moustache in question was artificial for most of the wearer's life.

Following a moped blow that left him with a scar on his upper lip, Paul McCartney decided to abound a moustache in order to hide it. The other members of the Beatles decided to do the same. They were first seen with this new await on the comprehend of their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lone Hearts Order Band. This marked the render of young men wearing moustaches in the 1960s.[38]

In art, entertainment, and media [edit]

Alias [edit]

  • Moustache was the alias name of a French comic role player, François-Alexandre Galipedes (b. 14 February 1929 in Paris, France – d. 25 March 1987 in Arpajon, Essonne, France), known for his roles in Paris Blues (1961), How to Steal a Million (1966), and Zorro (1975)[39]

Fictional characters [edit]

  • Moustaches have long been used by artists to make characters distinctive, as with Charlie Chan, the video game character Mario, Hercule Poirot, or Snidely Whiplash.
  • Sharabi movie from Bollywood had a character Natthulal whose moustache became a legend. Munchhen hon to Natthulal jaisi, warna na hon (Moustaches should be like Natthulal's or shouldn't be at all) became one of the virtually quoted dialogue.
  • At to the lowest degree one fictional moustache has been so notable that a whole manner has been named after it: the Fu Manchu moustache.

Literature [edit]

  • In 1954, Salvador Dalí published a volume dedicated solely to his moustache.[xl]

Visual art [edit]

They have also been used to make a social or political signal as with:

  • Marcel Duchamp'southward L.H.O.O.Q. (1919), a parody of the Mona Lisa which adds a goatee and moustache
  • Frida Kahlo's moustachioed cocky-portraits

In the armed services [edit]

  • In the Indian Army, nearly senior rifle Rajputana regiment soldiers have moustaches,[42] [43] [44] and the Rajputana Moustache is a symbol of dignity, caste status, and the spirit of Rajput soldiers.[45]
  • Moustaches are also noted amidst U.S. Army armour and cavalry soldiers.[46]
  • Moustaches were a compulsory function of the British Army compatible until 1916, and were quite often worn by soldiers later on in the Falklands Campaign.

In sport [edit]

  • In the early on-1970s, Major League Baseball players seldom wore facial hair. As detailed in the book Mustache Gang, Oakland Athletics owner Charlie Finley decided to hold a moustache-growing contest within his team. When the A's faced the Cincinnati Reds, whose team rules forbade facial hair, in the 1972 World Series, the series was dubbed by media equally "the hairs vs. the squares".[47]
  • For the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, the Croatia men's national water polo team grew moustaches in honour of omnibus Ratko Rudić.[48]
  • During the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London Chileans supporters painted moustaches on their skin equally a sign of support of gymnast Tomás González.[49] A site chosen bigoteolimipico.com (olympicmoustache) was created to let people create Twitter avatars and Facebook images with moustaches in back up of González.[50] [51]
  • NHL histrion George Parros was and then well known for his moustache that replicas were sold by his team, with proceeds going to clemency.[52]
  • Formula 1 driver Nigel Mansell wore a famous chevron moustache during his racing career. While he shaved it off after his retirement, he did subsequently grow it dorsum.[53]
  • NASCAR fable Dale Earnhardt was well known for his mustache.

Gallery [edit]

  • Surrealist Salvador Dalí with the flamboyant moustache he popularized

  • Military personnel with moustaches, at the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.

See also [edit]

  • American Mustache Institute
  • Bristles
  • Bearded lady
  • Moustache cup
  • Movember
  • Tacheback

References [edit]

  1. ^ moustache is near universal in British English while mustache is common in American English, although the 3rd edition of Webster (1961), which gives moustache as the principal headword spelling. Later on editions of Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (from the 1973 eighth edition) requite mustache.
  2. ^ Twickler, Sharon (2018). "Masculinity and the Moustache – Combing Masculine Identity in the Age of the Moustache, 1860–1900". In Evans, Jennifer; Withey, Alun (eds.). New Perspectives on the History of Facial Pilus: Framing the Face. Genders and Sexualities in History. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–168. doi:10.1007/978-three-319-73497-2_8. ISBN978-iii-319-73497-2.
  3. ^ μύσταξ, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
  4. ^ μύλλον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
  5. ^ OED due south.v. "moustache", "mustachio"; Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
  6. ^ Barber, Nigel (2001). "Mustache Fashion Covaries with a Skilful Union Marketplace for Women". Journal of Nonverbal Beliefs. 25 (four): 261–272. doi:ten.1023/A:1012515505895. S2CID 59479339.
  7. ^ a b Oldstone-Moore, Christopher (20 November 2015). "The rise and fall of the military moustache". blog.wellcomelibrary.org . Retrieved 25 Nov 2018.
  8. ^ "Diodorus Siculus, Library of History | Exploring Celtic Civilizations".
  9. ^ Hawksley, Lucinda. "The moustache: A hairy history". www.bbc.com . Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  10. ^ "Syria's assassinated officials and other Arab leaders wear mustaches for the wait of power". Slate Mag. xviii July 2012.
  11. ^ Safar Faraji, Yarsan. "Another Yarsan follower's mustaches were shaved". majzooban.org.
  12. ^ Aris Teon (14 March 2016). "Filial Piety (孝) in Chinese Culture".
  13. ^ "Adolescent Reproductive Health" (PDF). UNESCO Regional Training Seminar on guidance and Counseling. one June 2002.
  14. ^ Chumlea, 1982
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  16. ^ "Surgery offers hazard at perfect moustache". 3 News NZ. six December 2012.
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  26. ^ Wogalter, Michael Southward.; Hosie, Judith A. (1991). "Effects of Cranial and Facial Hair on Perceptions of Historic period and Person". Journal of Social Psychology. 131 (4): 589–591. doi:x.1080/00224545.1991.9713892. PMID 1943079.
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  28. ^ Klapprott, Jürgen (1979). "Barba Facit Magistrum: An Investigation into the Effect of a Bearded University Teacher on His Students". Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Ihre Anwendungen. 35 (1): 16–27.
  29. ^ De Souza, Altay Alves Lino; Baião, Ver Baumgarten Ulyssea; Otta, Emma (2003). "Perception of Men's Personal Qualities and Prospect of Employment equally a Function of Facial Hair". Psychological Reports. 92 (one): 201–208. doi:10.2466/pr0.2003.92.1.201. PMID 12674283. S2CID 46653382.
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  37. ^ Sahih Bukhari, Book viii, Volume 74, Hadith 312 (Asking Permission). Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said "Five things are in accordance with the Fitra (i.e. the tradition of prophets): to be circumcised, to shave the pelvic region, to pull out the hair of the armpits, to cutting short the moustaches, and to clip the nails.'
  38. ^ "The accident that made The Beatles abound moustaches". Far Out Magazine. November 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2021. {{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  49. ^ "Hinchas chilenos lucen bigote a lo Toms en Londres". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 5 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  50. ^ "#bigoteolimpico: Ponte el bigote de Tomás González y apóyalo!". Guioteca (in Castilian). Empresa El Mercurio Southward.A.P. three Baronial 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
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  52. ^ Hartnett, Sean (5 December 2014). "Celebrated Scrapper George Parros Made The Most of His NHL Life". XN Sports . Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  53. ^ "The Top ten Moustaches in Motorsport: A November Special". Demon Tweeks. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

External links [edit]

  • Photos of famous composers' moustaches in recognition of Movember
  • French documentary (52min) about history of moustache

barneywithavis.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moustache

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